Cellular Energy Journey
Explore transport and energy conversion inside a 3D cell.
Teaching model · Sources
Membrane thickness, protein sizes and motion are adapted for illustration, not microscopy or atomic reconstruction. The oxygen switch affects the oxidative phosphorylation shown here; kinesin uses a separately illustrated ATP pool.
Coy et al. · Kinesin takes one 8-nm step for each ATP that it hydrolyzes · OpenStax Biology 2e · 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells · OpenStax Biology 2e · 7.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation